The Mysterious Stranger essays

The Mysterious Stranger essays In the Mark Twain story The Mysterious Stranger, Satan teaches Theodor that the Moral Sense that humans possess is more of an impairment than a gift. The first time Satan degrades Mans Moral Sense is when he use the term to explain the difference between himself and Man (66). Theodor, who only had a dim idea of what the Moral Sense was is upset at the way Satan speaks of it. Satan shows Theodor several examples of the cruel things Man does that no other animal on earth would do. Satan says that that although man was given the Moral Sense to differentiate right from wrong he usually makes the wrong decision(78). Satan also says that man is proud to have the Moral Sense when it is actually a shameful possession(78). The examples of the poverty in the French Village(78-9), the man being tortured in the jail(78),and persecution of the witches are all used by Satan to teach Theodor the flaws of mankind and the Moral Sense. Theodor begins to understand why Satan looks down upon our race as silly and trivial when he sees all of the cruel things that man does to other men and animals. Satan defends even the animals of the earth by saying that even they are not tainted with the disease called the Moral Sense(80) and therefore cannot do wrong because they dont have a choice like man does. He questions the boys as to why Hans Opperts loyal dog should not be allowed into heaven and asks if their race can add anything to this dogs stock of morals and magnanimities.(80) Satan thinks that the Moral Sense make humans a foolish race. Mans cruelty cannot be blamed on anyone but him because he knows right from wrong. Along with the Moral Sense, Satan also compares humans to sheep, and says that they are mostly followers and afraid to assert themselves because they want to sta ...

Chemistry Experiments With Pennies

Chemistry Experiments With Pennies Use pennies, nails, and a few simple household ingredients to explore some of the properties of metals: Materials Needed 20-30 dull pennies1/4 cup white vinegar (dilute acetic acid)1 teaspoon salt (NaCl)1 shallow, clear glass or plastic bowl (not metal)1-2 clean steel screws or nailswatermeasuring spoonspaper towels Shiny Clean Pennies Pour the salt and vinegar into the bowl.Stir until the salt dissolves.Dip a penny halfway into the liquid and hold it there for 10-20 seconds. Remove the penny from the liquid. What do you see?Dump the rest of the pennies into the liquid. The cleaning action will be visible for several seconds. Leave the pennies in the liquid for 5 minutes.Proceed to Instant Verdigris! Pennies get dull over time because the copper in the pennies slowly reacts with air to form copper oxide. Pure copper metal is bright and shiny, but the oxide is dull and greenish. When you place the pennies in the salt and vinegar solution, the acetic acid from the vinegar dissolves the copper oxide, leaving behind shiny clean pennies. The copper from the copper oxide stays in the liquid. You could use other acids instead of vinegar, like lemon juice. Instant Verdigris! Note: You want to keep the liquid you used to clean the pennies, so dont dump it down the drain!After the 5 minutes required for Shiny Clean Pennies, take half of the pennies out of the liquid and place them on a paper towel to dry.Remove the rest of the pennies and rinse them well under running water. Place these pennies on a second paper towel to dry.Allow about an hour to pass and take a look at the pennies you have placed on the paper towels. Write labels on your paper towels so you will know which towel has the rinsed pennies.While you are waiting for the pennies to do their thing on the paper towels, use the salt and vinegar solution to make Copper Plated Nails. Rinsing the pennies with water stops the reaction between the salt/vinegar and the pennies. They will slowly turn dull again over time, but not quickly enough for you to watch! On the other hand, the salt/vinegar residue on the unrinsed pennies promotes a reaction between the copper and the oxygen in the air. The resulting blue-green copper oxide is commonly called verdigris. It is a type of patina found on a metal, similar to tarnish on silver. The oxide forms in nature as well, producing minerals such as malachite and azurite. Copper Plated Nails Place a nail or screw so that it is half in and half out of the solution you used to clean the pennies. If you have a second nail/screw, you can let it sit completely immersed in the solution.Do you see bubbles rising from the nail or the threads of the screw?Allow 10 minutes to pass and then take a look at the nail/screw. Is it two different colors? If not, return the nail to its position and check it again after an hour. The copper that coats the nail/screw comes from the pennies. However, it exists in the salt/vinegar solution as positively charged copper ions as opposed to neutral copper metal. Nails and screws are made of steel, an alloy primarily composed of iron. The salt/vinegar solution dissolves some of the iron and its oxides on the surface of the nail, leaving a negative charge on the surface of the nail. Opposite charges attract, but the copper ions are more strongly attracted to the nail than the iron ions, so a copper coating forms on the nail. At the same time, the reactions involving the hydrogen ions from the acid and the metal/oxides produce some hydrogen gas, which bubbles up from the site of the reaction - the surface of the nail or screw. Design Your Own Experiments with Pennies Explore chemistry using pennies and ingredients from your kitchen. Household chemicals that can clean or discolor your pennies include baking soda, vinegar, ketchup, salsa, pickle juice, detergent, soap, fruit juice... the possibilities are limited only by your imagination. Make a prediction about what you think will happen and then see if your hypothesis is supported.

Product Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Product Reliability - Essay Example 56)†. In today’s development of industrial products, reliability concerns are not addressed properly in the prior steps of the process (Prabhakar and Osteras 121). The reliability of the products also depends on two manufacturing items: the technical decisions made in the early stages and the consequence of commercial results in the final stages. An engineer can employ effective methodology for reliable performance and specification in order to make a better decision. Product reliability develops a structure that joins reliable specifications, both design and materials, and product performance in the manufacture of new product products (Prabhakar and Osteras 81). Product reliability depends on the design, material used for a product and the manufacturing process. Design refers to the  act  of creating a layout or convention for constructing an object or system as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawing, business process and circuit diagrams. It may also be d efined as a strategy employed to achieve a unique goal or expectation. Potential Stages for Design Reviews (â€Å"Blueprints for Product Reliability†) ... The term is sometimes used to refer to components with specific physical properties that are used as inputs in manufacturing of products. In this context, materials are the components used to make product – computers, cars, buildings etc. Some applications require a product to have specific types of material properties such as load resistant steels for bridges, cranes or buildings. Cars, for instance, use aluminum as it is light, so the car consumes less fuel, corrosion resistance and aluminum alloys are easier to manufacture and use. Polystyrene with the recycling code 6 or Styrofoam cups, plates, carryout containers is petroleum-based plastics. They can release potentially toxic breakdown products, particularly when heated. Ceramic, glass, paper or safer plastics like numbers 1, 2 or 5 are a better alternative. Using the wrong material can result in a catastrophic failure that can harm life or environment (Chitale 154). Product Life Cycle Cost Impact. (â€Å"Blueprints for Product Reliability†) Manufacturing is the process of producing goods for use sale using machinery, labor and tools. This term may refer to a series of human activity such as handicraft, or high tech, but is most used in reference to industrial production, where raw materials are turned into finished products on a large scale. The finished products can be used  to make  more complex products such as household appliances, aircraft or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers who then sell them to end users. Manufacturing has many categories such as casting for engine blocks, molding for beams, forming as in press for panels, machining for drilling and

Analyzing Religions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Religions - Research Paper Example Like European, North American, South American and Australian countries represent majority population who are firm believers of Christianity. Similarly Middle East, South East Asia and some part of Africa represent majority of Muslim population. The people of Asia Pacific countries and some South Asian countries are Buddhism majority countries (DK Publishing 2004). There are more Christian believers (more than 2 billion) in the world than Muslim believers (more than 1.3 billion). The initial leaders of Christians were Jesus Christ himself and his early believers Peter and Paul (Lindberg 2009). Initial leaders of Muslim era include the Prophet Muhammad and his companions. The four companions of Prophet Muhammad are famous among the majority of the Muslims: Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman and Ali. These four companions of the Prophet Muhammad ruled over the Muslim states one after another respectively (Maps.com 1999). There are a lot of things common in Muslims and Christians. First of all, they are considered as Abrahamic religions. Both religions hail from Prophet Abraham. Secondly, Catholic and Muslim believe in the same GOD. The basic religious concepts of both religions are similar. For example, the concept of Prophets, Angels, Paradise, Hell, life after death and Fate are same between the Catholic and Muslim. Besides all these common viewpoints mentioned in above paragraph, there are also several conflicting beliefs between Muslims and Christians. The concept of GOD among the Christians is different than Muslims belief of GOD. The Christians believe in Trinity which defines God as three divine persons (or hypostases): the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit whereas Muslims strongly believe that the GOD is one and only. Some rituals and practices between the Christians and Muslims are of the similar nature and some rituals and practices are of the different nature. Like

Ethanol Fuel Essay Example for Free

Ethanol Fuel Essay Ethanol is regarded as an attractive alternative to gasoline and other fossil fuel-based automotive energy sources because they can assist in ending dependence on foreign-based oil imports, a dependence which reaches 140 billion gallons a year in the United States alone.Gal Luft, a director of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, asserts that oil dependence is problematic not just for economic reasons, but for political ones as well, maintaining that the relationship between the United States and the oil-producing Muslim nation states is strained at best (as well as noting that this political tension is probably of greater concern than any purported political instability are said to plague these oil-producing nations. )   As such, oil dependency constitutes a political liability. Furthermore, geologists have argued that oil prices are not going to get any better, what with the increasing costs of drilling current oil reserves, and ethanol is therefore an economically sound alternative. However, ethanol is not without its critics. Critics charge that the ethanol boom in the United States, which relies primarily on corn for feedstock has resulted in dramatic increases in food prices (and it is worth noting that many non-corn based food commodities utilize corn syrup). Farmers have begun to see the ethanol boom as lucrative incentive for corn production, which in its most positive sense has raised their incomes and â€Å"given new hope to flagging rural economies.† This translates to a diversion of grain-based agriculture towards fuel production, imposing dramatic impacts upon the costs of maintaining food supply for both the world’s hungry and the world’s well fed. Grunwald maintains that â€Å"the grain it takes to fill an SUV tank could feed a person for a year.†   Furthermore, research presents that the rapid expansion of corn agriculture to feed the ethanol boom holds environmental consequences. Environmental journalist Richard Manning charges that industrialized agriculture is detrimental to soil fertility.Mindy Lubber concurs, maintaining that massive land conversion of lands towards the production of corn could recreate the conditions of The Great Dust Bowl, a period in the American heartland which saw hundreds of thousands of would-be wheat farmers plow the soil to death to profit from golden grain. However, ethanol proponents are careful to remind us that it is also a renewable fuel source. Because it is derived from grain and other starch crops, and may also be obtained from cellulosic biomass such as crop residue, sugar cane bagasse and old newspapers, it is essentially a sustainable resource insofar production is concerned. Additionally, its energy potential, while being significantly less than that of gasoline, is endowed with a high octane level that gives it the power that is crucial to the operation of high compression engines such as those found in high performance automobiles. Furthermore, Khosla argues that the trajectory of ethanol development will result in continuously increasing potential for energy density and engine efficiency that would rival that of gasoline. While opponents of corn-based ethanol have charged that the energy yield barely exceeds the amount of energy used in its production, developments in cellulose-based ethanol have been promising, which may lead to a future in which the biomass and waste of any municipality could be used for ethanol production. Beyond the direct effects on corn prices, the corn-based ethanol boom also affects the price of various food commodities. Grunwald notes that the soybean market is affect to such an extent as to jack up the price of soybeans. Also, increased production of sugarcane-based ethanol, combined with sugar quotas in the U.S. ensure that domestic prices of sugar continue to inflate. As such, producers of high fructose corn syrup such as the agribusiness giant Archer Daniels Midland benefits in a situation where the price demand for high fructose corn syrup remains inelastic, simply because they are able to charge more for without fearing that sweetener-dependent companies will retaliate by switching to sugar.Even the price of a Starbucks latte is not immune to the effects of the corn-based ethanol boom, as diversion of crop grown to fuel production takes it away from the mouths of dairy cattle. Furthermore, the demand for ethanol has effects that reach as far as the Amazon rainforest, where the resulting expansion is leading to its deforestation. This is an overwhelmingly negative development as the rainforest is a highly biodiverse region. Grunwald reports that scientists believe that this could essentially reduce the Amazon to a savanna, or worse, a desert. Ethanol is not just an alternative fuel, but a complex distillation of political, economic and environmental issues. As such, it is difficult to reduce it to a simple either/or issue, let alone endorse it wholeheartedly as the silver bullet that will solve problems of climate change and fossil fuel dependency.

Crossing Brooklyn Ferry by Walt Whitman Essay -- Poem Poet Whitman B

"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" by Walt Whitman Recurring Images and Motifs in "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" In the poem "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry" by Walt Whitman, there are many recurring images and motifs that can be seen. Whitman develops these images throughout the course of the poem. The most dominant of these are the linear notion of time, playing roles, and nature. By examining these motifs and tracing their development, ones understanding of the poem becomes highly deepened. Whitman challenges the linear notion of time by connecting past with future. This can be seen in the first stanza, as the poem opens: "And you that shall cross from shore to shore years hence are more to me, and more in my meditations than you might suppose"(4-5). This lets the reader know that he has written this with the reader in mind, even before that reader existed. He challenges time by connecting his time with ours. He has preconcived us reading this poem. When we read his words we are connected to him and his feelings, all in the same time. He is sure that after he is gone the water will still run and people will still "see the shipping of Manhattan/and the heights of Brooklyn" (14-15). He makes his past and our futher all one. No matter the time nor the distance, the reader will experience the same way he experiences at the moment in time he resides: Just as you feel when you look on the river and sky...

Business Research Method

Your Answer: a) The report of a pilot study. Correct Answer: d) The listing of all units in the population from which the sample will be selected. Feedback: It is important to identify a sampling frame so that a representative sample can then be taken from within a specified unit. Question 2 How will a researcher usually prevent a significant sampling error? Your Answer: b) Issue questionnaires to the entire sampling frame. Correct Answer: d) Use probability sampling. Feedback: Probability sampling allows the researcher to apply tests of statistical significance which then allow inferences to be made about the overall sampling frame.Question 3 If an organisation has 12,000 employees and the researcher is able to interview 250 the probability of inclusion in the sample is? Your Answer: a) 1 in 96. Correct Answer: c) 1 in 48. Feedback: Simple random sampling assumes that each member of the population has an equal probability of inclusion in the sample. The probability is calculated via a sampling fraction with the total population being divided by the sample size. Question 4 If a researcher wishes to obtain a nationally representative sample of trade union members but does not have the resources to travel long distances what method of sampling could they use?Your Answer: a) Stratified random sampling. Correct Answer: b) Multi-stage cluster sampling. Feedback: Multi-stage cluster sampling allows interviewers to concentrate their research more than simple random or stratified sampling. Question 5 Which of the following is not something a researcher will have to consider when thinking about their sample size? Your Answer: a) Time and cost. Correct Answer: c) Length of questionnaire. Feedback: In general bigger is better when considering sample size however all researchers need to be aware of the limitations of their resources. Question 6Which of the following is an example of convenience sampling? Your Answer: b) A random sample of employees who are absent from work through stress. Correct Answer: c) Managers attending a seminar on corporate social responsibility organised by the researcher. Feedback: It is possible that the researcher could take the opportunity of issuing a questionnaire to these managers whilst they are at the seminar. It is unlikely that the researcher will come across the other options in as convenient a manner. Question 7 Which of the following is not a benefit of snowball sampling? Your Answer: b) It is always representative of the population.Feedback: Snowball sampling is unlikely to be representative of the population because of the difficulty in establishing a sampling frame. The sampling frames that apply when snowball sampling is relevant are usually fluid and constantly shifting. Question 8 Quota sampling is used intensively in which type of research? Your Answer: d) Ethnographic research. Correct Answer: a) Market research. Feedback: Commercial research and political opinion polling are other types of research tha t use quota sampling. Question 9 The findings from a study of decision making processes within a UK financial services company can be generalized to:Your Answer: d) none of the above. Correct Answer: c) decision making processes in the researched companies. Feedback: Business and management researchers should be cautious of overgeneralizing findings beyond the researched organisation to alternative cultures. Question 10 As part of survey research design the sample was selected by the HR manager. What sort of error could this lead to? Your Answer: d) Data processing error. Correct Answer: a) Sampling error. Feedback: The choices made by the HR manager may have been non-random and could also have reflected a bias on the part of the individual making the choices

P2 †Describe the Four Main Tissue Types in the Body

The Cell P2 – Describe the four main tissue types in the body Inside the body, there are four mains types of tissue which include the Epithelial, Muscular, Nervous and Connective. Tissues are known as groups of cells which have a certain structure to retain a specific job. Epithelial Tissue covers the body surface and forms the lining for most internal cavities. It protects our insides, it’s known as the skin. It also absorbs in the intestinal lining and stomach, otherwise known as the gut. It also filters in the kidneys and secretes(forms glands).Epithelial cells are attached to each other closely forming a protective barrier and have no blood vessels but can soak up nutrients from blood vessels in connective tissue from underneath. It protects the body from dirt, dust, bacteria and other microbes which could harm you. It is innervated which means it has a lot of nerves in it and it is very good at regenerating for example having a grazed knee or sunburn. It also prote cts the main organ which is the heart, from rubbing against and harming the lobes in the heart against lungs.It gives us an extra barrier for security and saves the heart from many different injuries and also helps protect the upper body around the heart area. Connective Tissue is internal support for our organs, it protects them and wraps around them like a cushion. It stores nutrients and runs through the organs’ capsules and inside deep layers of the skin. These tissues have some sort of supporting role, which include bone, tendons, blood, adipose and cartilage.There are three different categories for connective tissue; Supportive connective tissues are like bone and cartilage, Fluid connective tissues are like the blood and Connective Tissue proper are both loose and dense connective tissue, which links the tissues together. Bones support the lungs and protect from injury. Elastic connective tissue is also found in the lungs and is able to extend like an elastic band when forced. Connective tissues also give shape and strength to other tissues that form the heart, it ensures the heart beats and functions properly..Nervous Tissue is the main component of the nervous system, it conducts impulses too and from body organs by neutrons. The three main elements of nervous tissue are found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Nervous Tissue controls many systems in our bodies without us being aware of it. When we breathe, air moves in to our respiratory system and if we should choke a coughing reflex should occur by nerve reflexes sent from the brain. Nervous tissue also plays a big part in our cardio vascular system, it automatically tells the heart to beat and keeps blood pumping around the body, this also controls the heart rate.Functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, control of  muscles  and glands,  homeostasis, and mental activity. Muscular Tissue is responsible for the bodies’ movement, moves food, blood and wast e through the bodies’ organs and is responsible for mechanical digestion. There are three different types of muscle tissue; Smooth Muscle found in blood vessel walls and organ walls and spindle-shaped cells for pushing things through organs, involuntary. Skeletal Muscle found in large body muscles, voluntary, packed in bundles and attached to bones for movement.Skeletal muscles are important for holding bones in the correct position so they are essential to the rib cage to protect your respiratory system making sure your cardio vascular system receives enough oxygen. Cardiac Muscle found in the heart wall, involuntary and striated muscle with intercalated discs connecting cells for synchronized contractions during the hearts’ beat. Cardiac muscles ensure the heart receives oxygen from the lungs which is carried through the blood, when the cardiac muscles relax after contracting the heart fills with blood containing oxygen.

Free Essays on Norway

Norway: From It’s Past To It’s Present For ages ago, appeared the forefathers of what is the present day Norway. In a time of 10,000 years ago, these early Norwegian were mainly relayed on their prey such as reindeer. There is no historical agreement to where these ancestors had appeared from. Below I will explain the history of Norway from its past to its present. Some of their artifacts were of the same type had been discovered in Southern Sweden and in Denmark. Examples of these artifacts are claimed to be flint tools, clay vessels, art, and rock carvings. By the Bronze Age which had appeared in the 1500 to 500 BC, had started a turning point in the Norwegian history. Through the majority of the population were hunters, some had found advancements and technologies for agriculture. In the Roman Age ( 0-400 AD) was the beginning of more advancements and people began to become more civilized. Many of these advancements were the discovery of glass, weapons, bronze utensils, and the art of writing and communication. These writings were in a form of runic letters, which became popular in the Nordic times. Around the year 400 scientist and historians have found out that the Nordic forefathers began to migrate most of the time. The era of the Vikings marks a historical stand point in the prehistoric Norway. Through without written sources, the Vikings had left many archaeological remains, and stories which were inherited by mouth to generation to generation. It also has been said that out of the prehistoric period in Northern Europe, the Viking age was the richest of the all. For the early Vikings their job were mainly settled in Northern Scotland and Ireland. They were also sailors and explorers. The most two popular explorers were Eric the Red, and Leif Ericson. With their advancements, they were able to build worthy ships. The areas explored and traveled were countries such as Greenland, Iceland, and America... Free Essays on Norway Free Essays on Norway Norway Norway is a country that offers something for everyone. It’s a country of rich and diverse natural landscape that provides a fantastic setting for people. Norway’s conventional long form name is, Kingdom of Norway. Norway’s government type is a constitutional monarchy. The Norwegian government places emphasis on ensuring that all parts of the county have a share in the nations assets. Also, each country is encouraged to develop its own industrial and commercial base. Government control key areas, such as the petroleum sector and subsidize agriculture, fishing and sparse resources. The Norwegian legal system is a mixture of customary law, civil law system and common law traditions. Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislative when asked and accepts compulsory jurisdiction with reservations. The parliament is always informed when amendments to the formal framework for the operation of the Fund are made. The Political parties in Norway are: Center Party, Christian Peoples Party, Conservative Party, Labor Party, Liberal Party, Norwegian Communist Party, Progress Party, Red Electoral Alliance and Socialist Left Party. The Prime Minister of Norway is Kjell Magne Bondeuik and 19 other ministers’ work with him. The Norwegian economy is a welfare capitalism, featuring a combination of free market activity and government intervention. It is thriving and healed for further growth. The country is richly endowed with natural resources; petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals. Also, it is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices. Norway is a major shipping nation with a high dependence on international trade and is basically an exporter of raw materials and semi-processed goods. Norway’s core markets include the Nordic region and Europe and the export horizon is steadily broadening. Norwegian companies invest for long term and are world leaders in sectors, such as maritime... Free Essays on Norway Norway: From It’s Past To It’s Present For ages ago, appeared the forefathers of what is the present day Norway. In a time of 10,000 years ago, these early Norwegian were mainly relayed on their prey such as reindeer. There is no historical agreement to where these ancestors had appeared from. Below I will explain the history of Norway from its past to its present. Some of their artifacts were of the same type had been discovered in Southern Sweden and in Denmark. Examples of these artifacts are claimed to be flint tools, clay vessels, art, and rock carvings. By the Bronze Age which had appeared in the 1500 to 500 BC, had started a turning point in the Norwegian history. Through the majority of the population were hunters, some had found advancements and technologies for agriculture. In the Roman Age ( 0-400 AD) was the beginning of more advancements and people began to become more civilized. Many of these advancements were the discovery of glass, weapons, bronze utensils, and the art of writing and communication. These writings were in a form of runic letters, which became popular in the Nordic times. Around the year 400 scientist and historians have found out that the Nordic forefathers began to migrate most of the time. The era of the Vikings marks a historical stand point in the prehistoric Norway. Through without written sources, the Vikings had left many archaeological remains, and stories which were inherited by mouth to generation to generation. It also has been said that out of the prehistoric period in Northern Europe, the Viking age was the richest of the all. For the early Vikings their job were mainly settled in Northern Scotland and Ireland. They were also sailors and explorers. The most two popular explorers were Eric the Red, and Leif Ericson. With their advancements, they were able to build worthy ships. The areas explored and traveled were countries such as Greenland, Iceland, and America...

Lee-Enfield Rifle in World War I and II

Lee-Enfield Rifle in World War I and II The Lee-Enfield was the primary infantry rifle used by British and Commonwealth forces during the first half of the 20th century. Introduced in 1895, it was a magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle that replaced the earlier Lee-Metford. Constantly improved and enhanced, the Lee-Enfield moved through a multitude of variants during its service life. The Short Lee-Enfield (SMLE) Mk. III was the principal rifle used during World War I, while the Rifle No. 4 version saw extensive service in World War II. Variants of the Lee-Enfield remained the British Armys standard rifle until 1957. The weapon and its derivatives continued to be used around the world. Development The Lee-Enfield traces it roots back to 1888, when the British Army adopted the Magazine Rifle Mk. I, also known as the Lee-Metford. Created by James P. Lee, the rifle utilized a cock-on-closing bolt with rear locking lugs, and was designed to fire the British .303 black powder cartridge. The design of the action permitted easier and faster operation than similar German Mauser designs of the day. With the shift to smokeless powder (cordite), problems began to arise with the Lee-Metford as the new propellant caused greater heat and pressure which wore away the barrels rifling. To address this issue, the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield designed a new square-shaped rifling system which proved resistant to wear. Combining Lees bolt-action with the Enfield barrel led to the production of the first Lee-Enfields in 1895. Designated .303 caliber, Rifle, Magazine, Lee-Enfield, the weapon was frequently referred to as the MLE (Magazine Lee-Enfield) or the Long Lee in reference to its barrel length. Among the upgrades incorporated into the MLE, was a 10-round detachable magazine. This was initially debated as some critics feared that soldiers would lose it in the field. In 1899, both the MLE and the cavalry carbine version saw service during the Boer War in South Africa. During the conflict, problems arose regarding the weapons accuracy and a lack of charger loading. Officials at Enfield began working to address these issues, as well as to create a single weapon for both infantry and cavalry use. The result was the Short Lee-Enfield (SMLE) Mk. I, which possessed charger loading (2 five-round chargers) and vastly improved sights. Entering service in 1904, the design was further refined over the next three years to produce the iconic SMLE Mk. III. Lee Enfield Mk. III Cartridge: .303 BritishCapacity: 10 roundsMuzzle Velocity: 2,441 ft./sec.Effective Range: 550 yds.Weight: approx. 8.8 lbs.Length: 44.5 in.Barrel Length: 25 in.Sights: Sliding ramp rear sights, fixed-post front sights, dial long-range volley sightsAction: Bolt-actionNumber Built: approx. 17 million Short Lee-Enfield Mk. III Introduced on January 26, 1907, the SMLE Mk. III possessed a modified chamber capable of firing the new Mk. VII High Velocity spitzer .303 ammunition, a fixed charger guide, and simplified rear sights. The standard British infantry weapon of World War I, the SMLE Mk. III soon proved too complicated for industry to produce in sufficient numbers to meet wartime needs. To deal with this problem, a stripped down version was designed in 1915. Dubbed the SMLE Mk. III*, it did away with the Mk. IIIs magazine cut-off, volley sights, and rear-sight windage adjustment. British forces with their SMLE Mk. IIIs in the trenches during World War I. Public Domain During the conflict, the SMLE proved a superior rifle on the battlefield and one capable of keeping up high rates of accurate fire. Many stories recount German troops reporting encountering machine gun fire, when in fact they had met trained British troops equipped with SMLEs. In the years after the war, Enfield attempted to permanently address the Mk. IIIs production issues. This experiment resulted in the SMLE Mk. V which possessed a new receiver-mounted aperture sighting system and a magazine cut-off. Despite their efforts, the Mk. V proved to be more difficult and costly to build than the Mk. III. World War II In 1926, the British Army changed its nomenclature and the Mk. III became known as Rifle No. 1 Mk. III. Over the next few years, Enfield continued to improve the weapon, ultimately producing the Rifle No. 1, Mk. VI in 1930. Retaining the Mk. Vs rear aperture sights and magazine cut-off, it introduced a new floating barrel. With tensions in Europe rising, the British began searching for a new rifle in the late 1930s. This resulted in the design of the Rifle No. 4 Mk. I. Though approved in 1939, large-scale production did not begin until 1941, forcing British troops to begin World War II with the No. 1 Mk. III. While British forces in Europe deployed with the No. 1 Mk. III, ANZAC and other Commonwealth troops retained their No. 1 Mk. III*s which remained popular due to their simple, easy to produce design. With the arrival of the No. 4 Mk. I, British forces obtained a version of the Lee-Enfield that possessed the updates of the No. 1 Mk. VIs, but was heavier than their old No. Mk. IIIs due to a longer barrel. During the war, the Lee-Enfields action was utilized in a variety of weapons such as jungle carbines (Rifle No. 5 Mk. I), commando carbines (De Lisle Commando), and an experimental automatic rifle (Charlton AR). Post-World War II: With end of hostilities, the British produced a final update of the venerable Lee-Enfield, the Rifle No. 4, Mk. 2. All existing stocks of No. Mk. Is were updated to the Mk. 2 standard. The weapon remained the primary rifle in the British inventory until the adoption of the L1A1 SLR in 1957. It is still used by some Commonwealth militaries today, though it is more commonly found in ceremonial, reserve force, and police roles. The Ishapore Rifle Factory in India began producing a derivative of the No. 1 Mk. III in 1962.

Research paper on hiv in the miss delta Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On hiv in the miss delta - Research Paper Example Consequentially, the federal government has been instrumental in dealing with this situation. It has invested massive resources in treatment and research in finding a lasting cure (Mancoske and Smith, 2004). However, the epidemic continues to spread at a staggering rate. In controlling the situation, the Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) has been instrumental in focusing on the progress in fighting the pandemic. While focusing on the Mississippi delta, CDC conducted research on the prevalence of the epidemic in the area. It was found out that Mississippi is an area highly affected with HIV. To control the situation, most of the organizations that deal with HIV and AIDS have decided to focus their attention in this area. According to statistics conducted in Mississippi in 2011, there are more males that are affected than females. The statistics state that 69% of the population affected with HIV (Schneidewind, 2011). On the other hand, only 31% are females affected with HIV. This shows that the spread of HIV among males is more than half when compared to females. Attention in Mississippi has been drawn to assist in reduction of spread amongst males. This has been successful as many organizations have started educational centers to sensitize the population. This has been doing well as the spread of HIV has been recording a drop. In taking a closer look at the demographics, it is estimated that 72% of the people living with HIV are blacks who are not Hispanic. This is followed by 23% of whites who are not Hispanic. Hispanic and Asian people living with HIV are estimated at 2% each. The other percentage is spread across other races and ethnicities. In the recent research in 2011, it is believed that social factors are contributors in the spread of HIV (Schneidewind, 2011). Is it stated that the spread of HIV is rife in southern counties of Mississippi where people are living in mere squalor (Acton, 2012). According to recent statistics, it shows that counties that have the highest number of people affected with HIV are living in abject poverty. Statistics show that one in every five people live below the acceptable poverty line (Schneidewind, 2011). As such, a fifth of the population is earning far less income to sustain their lifestyle. Consequentially, there is a close connection between people living below the federal poverty line and the spread of HIV (Satcher, 2007). People that live below the federal poverty line are ten times more likely to have HIV than people that have a steady income and live above the poverty line. For instance, a household that earns less than $ 10, 000 in a year houses people that are more likely to have HIV as compared to families that earn over $ 50, 000 in a year. Similarly, the healthcare services in these regions are in deplorable state. The access to healthcare has been a hard task and people are likely to be affected by opportunistic diseases (Ciambrone, 2003). In controlling the situation, t he federal government has ensured there is supply of more resources to these areas. Improvement of healthcare services has been instrumental in reducing the prevalence of HIV. In addition to this, unemployment plays a big role in the spread of HIV. It is estimated that the unemployment rate in Mississippi is at 10%. This increases the number of people that are prone to infections. Awareness is one of the factors that contribute to reduction in the spread of